月: 2026年8月

V1-dic, V2-dic　→　V1-taり、V2-taり (たりたり構文の練習)

飲む、食べる　→　飲んだり、食べたり      

見る、聞く　→　見たり、聞いたり

行く、来る　→　行ったり、来たり             

書く、話す　→　書いたり、話したり　

歩く、走る　→　歩いたり、走ったり          

切る、貼る　→　切ったり、貼ったり

開ける、閉じる → 開けたり、閉じたり      

上げる、下ろす　→　上げたり、下ろしたり

歌う、踊る　→　歌ったり、踊ったり          

煮る、焼く　→　煮たり、焼いたり

作る、壊す　→　作ったり、壊したり          

脱ぐ、着る　→　脱いだり、着たり

押す、引く　→　押したり、引いたり          

言う、言わない　→　言ったり、言わなかったり

見る、見ない　→　見たり、見なかったり   

動く、止まる　→　動いたり、止まったり

掃除する、買い物する　→　掃除したり、買い物したり

教える、教えられる　→　教えたり、教えられたり

つく、消える　→　ついたり、消えたり      

つける、消す　→　つけたり、消したり

出る、入る　→　出たり、入ったり             

入れる、出す　→　入れたり、出したり

寝る、起きる　→　寝たり、起きたり          

登る、降りる　→　登ったり、降りたり

晴れる、曇る　→　晴れたり、曇ったり      

増える、減る　→　増えたり、減ったり

もらう、あげる　→　もらったり、あげたり

泣く、笑う　→　泣いたり、笑ったり

このブログは、基本的には英語だけで書く方針ですが、今日は何にも用意ができていないし、時間もないので、例外的に日本語でアップします。ある学生を指導するときに作ったメモから載せていますので、網羅的ではないと思います。

Japanese Learning (A1 S34)-2 : I did something as indicated; [V1-ta] to’ori ni [V2] mashita. / [N] no to’ori ni [V] mashita.

<I don’t have time to write a post about Japanese learning tonight. >

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 on Section34 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A1 S34)-1 : Please Do as indicated; [V1-ta] to’ori ni [V2-te] kudasai. / [N] no to’ori ni [V-te] kudasai.

Today we are going to learn a sentence construction shown below;

1. [V1-ta] to’ori ni, [V2-te] kudasai.

As you see in the 1, the subordinate clause uses “to’ori ni”. Apparently, “to’ori ni” is a compound word consisting of a noun “to’ori” and a particle “ni”. We can predict two things from these two words;

(1) A verb placed in front of “to’ori” needs to take forms that can connect to a noun behind because “to’ori” is a noun. There are four forms for a verb to connect to a noun; Dictionary form, Nai-form, Ta-form, and V-nakatta. But this time, only Ta-form is used.

(2) A clause with “to’ori ni” at the end modifies a verb behind, because a word with “ni” works as an adverbial.

As for the main clause, we have already learned “[V-te] kudasai.” in the exercise A2 of the section 14, as an expression to ask a listener to do something.

< This post is incomplete. >

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 on Section34 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A6 S33): Politely Asking Someone to Convey your Message; [Message] to Tsutaete Itadake masenka.

Suppose that someone does something for you. You describe the act in a sentence whose subject is “Watashi (I)”. The sentence will be “(Watashi wa) V-te morau”. Then, how do you ask when you want someone to do something for you,? Considering that the potential form of “morau” is “moraeru”, you may say “V-te morae masenka.” for “please do it for me.” Technically, “V-te morae masenka” is a kind of polite expression (丁寧語) but this doesn’t sound polite enough for native Japanese speaker, actually. Probably that is the reason for young people these days to say “V-te morattemo Iidesuka.” which they think is more polite than “V-te morae masenka.” I personally don’t like the expression “V-te morattemo Ii desuka.” because it doesn’t sound polite on the contrary to their intentions. Then how can we make “V-te morae masenka” more polite, or in other words, how can it be turned into humble language? The answer has already been introduced in the exercise A5 in the section 26. By changing the verb from “morau” to its humble alternative “itadaku”, you can ask as below;

1. “V-te itadake masenka”

  (where, the potential form of “itadaku” is “itadakeru”)

Today’s sentence construction uses a verb “Tsutaeru/Tsutaemasu” which means “conveying a message”. Therefore when you want someone to convey your message to a third person, you can say;

2. Tsutaete itadake masenka.

We are learning how to use the particle “-to” which marks the end of a quoted utterances and/or thought in the section 33 now.

3. [Your message] to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

To whom to convey is also an important information, so,

4. [Person] ni [Your message] to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

The followings are examples of the sentence construction 4;

5. Satou-san ni Nijuppun kurai Okureru to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

(Please tell Sato-san that I will be late for twenty minutes or so.)

6. Suzuki-san ni Nichiyoubi no Renshuu ni Ikenai to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

(Please tell Suzuki-san that I will not be able to come the practice on Sunday.)

7. Takahashi-san ni Kyou no Yoru wa Tsugou ga Warui to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

(Please tell Takahashi-san that tonight is inconvenient for me.)

8. Kobayashi-san ni Ikeda-san wa Byouki da to Tsutaete itadake masenka.

(Please tell Kobayashi-san that Ikeda-san has got sick now.)

Note that Okureru in 5 is a dictionary form, Ikenai in 6 is a Nai-form of potential form Ikeru, Warui in 7 is an I-adjective, and Byouki in 8 is a noun in the above examples.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A6 on Section33 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Hot and Humid, resulted in Worms in Stock of Rice.

It’s not just one but many. Some worms make rice grains stick to their body, and hide themselves in the rice grains. It looks like a ball of rice grains of One centimeter diameter.

I should have kept rice in refrigerator before the temperature rose.