There is a word that conjugates “youni”, “youda”, and “youna”.
– youni is to modify another conjugating word behind.
– youda is the form of short ending.
– youna is to modify a noun.
Therefore, the word “youda” conjugates in the same way as Na-adjective. In the section 36, only “youni is introduced. Since “youni” is to modify a verb, all the sentences of the exercise A1 through A4 have a verb behind the clause ending with “youni”. To begin with, let us look at sentences of “[V1] + youni, [V2].”
(1) [V1] + youni, [V2].
When this sentence is introduced, V1 is usually in potential form, or a verb which has the meaning of potentiality.
1. Kuji no Terebi Dorama ga Mirareru youni, Kyou wa Zangyou shimasen.
(I won’t work over hour today so that I can watch TV drama at 9p.m.)
It is likely that you cannot watch TV at 9 p.m. in your home if you work over hour. That is a reality in Japanese working environment. But anyway, V1 is “Mirareru” which is the potential form of the transitive verb “Miru/Mimasu”.
2. Soto ga Yoku Mieru youni, Madogawa no Seki ni Suwari masu.
(I take a window seat so that I can see outside well.)
“Madogawa” is a noun which means “window side”. In this sentence 2, “Mieru” is the verb for V1. “Mieru” is not potential form of the transitive verb “Miru” but an intransitive verb having nuance of potentiality.
The followings are examples that use a verb having nuance of potentiality.
3. Nihongo ga Wakaru youni, Takusan Benkyou-shite imasu.
(I study hard so that I can understand Japanese.)
“Wakaru” doesn’t have the potential form.
4. Densha ni Maniau youni, Eki made Hashiri masu.
(I run to the station so that I can catch the train.)
Don’t say “(WRONG) Maniaeru”.
(2) [V1-nai] + youni, [V2].
Action is expressed by V2, the purpose of action is expressed by V1. This is the same as (1). However, for this sentence (2), the purpose is not “to be able to do”, but “not to do”. So, Nai-form is used for V1 part. In the case of (1), V1 is often in the potential form, but in the case of (2), it’s just in Nai-form. It doesn’t have to be “Nai-form of Potential form”.
5. Taboko no Kemuri o Suwanai youni, Kin’en-seki ni Suwari masu.
(I am going to sit a No-smoking seat so that I will not breathe smoke from other people.)
where, Kemuri is smoke, and Kin’en-seki is a seat that is designated not to smoke.
In this sentence, “Suwanai” is the Nai-form of “Suu/Suimasu”. Its potential form is “Sueru”, and “Nai-form of Potential form” is “Suenai”. The following sentence is erroneous one.
(WRONG) Taboko no Kemuri o Suenai youni, Kin’en-seki ni Suwari masu.
So, just “Nai-form” is okay for this type of “youni” sentneces. “Nai-form of Potential form” may be used just in case, but it is not usual. For example,
6. Koukousei ga Tabako o Suenai youni, Jidouhanbaiki wa Yoru Juu-Ichi-ji de Tomari masu.
(Tabacco vending machine stops at 11p.m. so that a high school students will not be able to smoke cigarette.)
6’. Koukousei ga Tabako o Suwanai youni, Jidouhanbaiki wa Yoru Juu-Ichi-ji de Tomari masu.
(Tabacco vending machine stops at 11p.m. so that a high school students will not smoke cigarette.)
Either of 6 and 6’ are okay, but 6’ is better than 6 for simplicity.
One more example for “[V-nai] youni, V”;
7. Kodomo ga Nomanai youni, Osake o Tana no Naka ni Shimatte okimasu.
(I store Alcohols into inside the shelves so that kids will not drink them.)
The predicate verb in the main clause is “Shimatte okimasu.”. We have already learned “V-te okimasu” in the section 30. This “V-te okimasu” is a kind of A3 and A4 in terms of dealing with a matter.
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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 on Section36 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”
