I am a native Japanese speaker who used to teach Japanese in a university somewhere on this planet. Currently I don't work but stayed in my house in Northern part of JAPAN. I hope that you could enjoy reading my posts and know what life in Japan is like.
Hi, this is a blog that is a record of my career as a Japanese teacher. Please introduce this blog to your friends by showing the QR code below
Listen to my music playing: J. S. Bach, Unaccompanied Cello Suite No.3, Prelude on Electric Bass (4.22MB)
This photo was taken on December 3, 2016. Today is November 14, so it may not be the same time of season. But anyway, I can’t write a post today, too.
But um… the audio data was heavily edited digitally.
すみませんが、これも「場所取り」的にアップします。記事が書けるのはもう少し先になりそうです。
このポストでは、「もう少し先になりそうです。」と「もう少し先になるそうです。」の違いを説明する予定です。47課のA1は後者の「なるそうです。」の学習です。
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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 of Section47 in “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”
“Strong electric is coming into this area. Don’t enter because it’s dangerous.”
It was just a small office of the Traffic Safety Association. So, I couldn’t get the new driver’s license today. I have to go there again in December. My photo was taken, and they made me watch twenty minutes video about driving. Though it was not an obligation but a kind of donation, I paid 2000 Japanese yen to the Association. It took just more than thirty minutes but less than an hour. I come back home before noon.
Actually, I am a person who has a driver’s license but doesn’t drive a car, or to be exact, who don’t have enough skill to drive a car, also known as “paper driver” in Japanese English.
1. Raishuu Nihon ni Taifuu ga Kuru sou desu.
2. Komban wa Mou Densha wa Konai sou desu.
3. Mukashi, Koko ni Otera ga Atta sou desu.
4. Sai-shiken ni Kita Gakusei wa Inakatta sou desu.
5. Satou-sensei no Shiken wa Yasashii sou desu.
6. Toukyou-eki no Raito-Appu wa Kireida sou desu.
7. Kono Ryokan dewa Yuushoku wa Shichi-ji da sou desu.
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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 of Section47 in “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”
If you want to say something that you are one-hundred percent sure, you simply say at the end of predicate, “desu.” or “masu.”. But sometimes you need to say something that you are not completely sure. It would be a speculation. We have already learned several expressions to say speculation;
“— to Omoi masu.” at A1 in the section 21
“— deshou.” at A2 in the section 32
“— kamo shire masen.” at A3 in the section 32
(“—” part is short ending style)
“to Omoimasu” is an expression for speculation with a little bit of a nuance of opinion. For example, sentences using “to Omoimasu” in A2 S21 are to express opinions. “deshou” is widely used for speculation for which the speaker’s conviction and/or the certainty varies from high to medium. And “kamo shire masen” also expresses speculations, but the speaker’s conviction and/or the certainty is relatively low.
Considering degree of conviction and certainty, then, you may want to know expressions for speculations when you are highly convicted that it is almost certain. That is “hazu desu.” which this post is introducing. There is another one “—ni Chigai arimasen.”, which is not introduced in the beginners’ level books of Minna no Nihongo because “Chigai arimasen” is thought to be an intermediate level expression.
Now, let’s concentrate on “haze desu.” as an expression for speculation that is almost conviction.
(1) [V-dic]+hazu desu.
1. Satou-san wa Kyou mo Renshuu ni Kuru hazu desu.
(I think it is highly likely Sato-san is coming for practice today.)
Actually, “I am convinced that” would be better as an English translation for this sentence. But I put like that in order to show “hazu desu” is a one of expressions for speculation. If Sato-san’s coming is one-hundred percent sure thing, the sentence would have been as below;
1’. Satou-san wa Kyou mo Renshuu ni Kimasu.
(Sato-san is coming for practice today.)
(2) [V-nai]+hazu desu.
2. Okyakusan wa Son’nani Takusan Konai hazu desu.
(I think it’s highly likely that customers coming wouldn’t be so many.)
This one also is almost a conviction, whose English translation would be “I don’t think many customers will come.”. If it is certain, then you say;
2’. Okyakusan wa Son’nani Takusan Kimasen.
(Customers coming are not so many.)
Since the verb “Kuru/Kimasu” takes Dictionary form is the sentence 1, and takes Nai-form in the sentence 2, both in front of “hazu”, you may know that “hazu” is a noun. Yes, “hazu” is a formal noun. And “desu.” is a ending for a noun predicate sentence.
(3) [I-adj+i]+hazu desu.
3. Yuki ga Futte imasu kara, Soto wa Samui hazu desu.
(Since it is snowing, it must be cold outside.)
“hazu” is a noun, therefore, when an I-adjective is put in front of “hazu”, it becomes “[Stem]+i” , that is “Samu+i+hazu”.
(4) [Na-adj+na]+hazu desu.
4. Itsumo Undou Shite imasu kara, Karada wa Joubuna hazu desu.
(Since I always work out, I believe my body is strong.)
“hazu” is a noun, therefore, when a Na-adjective is put in front of “hazu”, it becomes “[Stem]+na” , that is “Joubu+na+hazu”.
(5) [Noun+no]+hazu desu.
5. Nichiyoubi wa Yasumi no hazu desu.
(Sunday must be a day-off.)
“hazu” is a noun, therefore, when a Noun is put in front of “hazu”, it becomes “[Noun]+no”, that is “Yasumi+no+hazu”. Note that “Yasumi” is a noun, but “Yasumu” is a verb. Anyway, Most of the time Nouns and Na-adjectives look the same, but this time they are different as you see in the sentences 4 and 5.
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This post was written with reference to the exercise A3 of Section46 in “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”
情けないことに、今日もまともに記事を書く時間がありません。今日は、「Ｖルところです、Ｖテイルところです、Ｖタところです」の解説を書いていましたが、未完成のまま寝る時間になってしまいました。本来なら「Ｖタばかりです」を書くべきでしたが、英語のタイトルが思いつかず、こんな形で、連続投稿を止めないようにするだけにしました。
