月: 2026年8月

Japanese Learning (A4 S36): Please make sure to do something; [V] + youni Shite kudasai. / Please make sure not to do something; [V-nai] + youni Shite kudasai.

We learned the following sentence constructions in the exercise A3;

(1) [V] + youni Shite imasu.

(2) [V-nai] + youni Shite imasu.

The example sentences of (1) and (2) are as below;

1. Dekirudake O’okuno Tango o Oboeru youni Shite imasu. (I try to memorize as many words as I can.)

2. Dekirudake Amai mono o Tabenai youni Shite imasu. (I try not to eat sweets as much as possible.)

These are just declarative sentences. On the other, today’s sentences have the functions to ask a listener to do something in conversation.

(3) [V] + youni Shite kudasai.

(4) [V-nai] + youni Shite kudasai.

Let’s look at one of example sentences of (3);

3. Natsu wa Mizu o Takusan Nomu youni Shite kudasai. (Please make sure to drink a lot of water in the summer.)

“Shite kudasai” is an expression to ask a listener to do something with the construction of “[V-te]+kudasai”. Then the sentence 3 can be shortened using another “[V-te]+kudasai” as shown below.

4. Natsu wa Mizu o Takusan Nonde kudasai. (Please a lot of water in the summer.)

What is the difference between the sentences 3 and 4? The sentence 4 is a direct command or request, which probably sounds forcefully. On the other, the sentence 3 is somewhat in direct, and sounds like prompting the listener’s effort. When asking someone to do something, “[V] + youni Shite kudasai.” is better than “[V-te]+kudasai” because it sounds moderately. The same kind of things could be said about “[V-nai] + youni Shite kudasai.” and “[V-nai]de kudasai”. The followings are more examples of the sentence (3) and (4).

(3) [V] + youni Shite kudasai.

5. Motto Undou-suru youni Shite kudasai. (Please make sure you exercise more.)

6. Kaisha ni Okureru toki wa Kanarazu Renraku-suru youni Shite kudasai.

(When you get late to come to the office, please make sure you tell us it.)

(4) [V-nai] + youni Shite kudasai.

7. Zettaini Pasupo’oto o Wasurenai youni Shite kudasai.

(Please make sure you absolutely do not forget your passport.)

8. Shuugou Basho o Machigaenai youni Shite kudasai.

(Please make sure you do not go to a wrong meeting point.)

Several adverbs appear in this post; Dekirudake, Takusan, Motto, Kanarazu, and Zettaini. Actually, there is less chance to learn adverbs because learning them is usually not planned in the curriculum of Japanese learning. When you find an adverb, it is the chance for you to learn it. (Fukushi o Mitsuketara, Sono Fukushi o Manabu youni Shite kudasai.)

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A4 on Section36 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A3 S36): What you are trying to do; [V] + youni Shite imasu. / What you are trying NOT to do; [V-nai] + youni Shite imasu.

We are learning how to use the word “youni” in the section 36. Since “youni” is in the conjugation form that can modify a verb, there is a verb behind a clause that ends with “youni”. In today’s sentence construction, the verb behind the “youni” is “Shite imasu”. “Shite imasu” is one of “V-te iru”. “V-te iru” usually expresses continuous action, ongoing action, and/or repetitive action. It is not easy to identify one of these three for “Site imasu” of today. Probably it depends on sentence by sentence. Sometimes it’s mixture of the three.

And there is an adverb in today’s sentence construction. That is;

– Dekirudake; adverb; As much as possible

The following is an example of use of “Dekirudake”;

1. Dekirudake, Roku-ji madeni Kaisha o Deru youni Shite imasu.

(I try to leave the office before 6 p.m. as long as I can.)

(1) [V] + youni Shite imasu.

Looking at the verbs in front of “youni”, there is a difference from those of the Exercise A1 and A2 (Set aside [V-nai]+youni. I am writing about [V]+youni).

A1 : [V] + youni, [Main clause with verb predicate]

– Example ; Ongaku ga Kikeru youni, Iyahon o Tsuke masu. (I put earphones so that I can listen to music.)

The verb in front of “youni” is “Kikeru” which is the potential form of “Kiku/Kikimasu”.

A2 : [V] + youni Nari mashita.

– Example ; Hyaku Me’eyoru Oyogetu youni Nari mashita. (I have become able to swim one hundred meters.)

The verb in front of “youni” is “Oyogeru” which is the potential form of “Oyogu/Oyogimasu”.

Therefore, the verb in front of “youni” is usually a verb in potential form or a verb having a meaning of potentiality. But in today’s sentence; in these sentences,

A3 : [V] + youni Shite imasu.

– Example ; Dekirudake, Mainichi Nihongo o Benkyou-suru youni Shite imasu. (I try to study Japanese everyday as far as possible.)

The verb “Benkyou-suru” is not in potential form.

Here are a little more examples of today’s “youni” sentences;

2. Dekirudake O’okuno Tango o Oboeru youni Shite imasu. (I try to memorize as many words as I can.)

3. Dekirudake Neko to Asobu youni Shite imasu. (I try to play with my cat as much as I can.)

(2) [V-nai] + youni Shite imasu.

4. Dekirudake Amai mono o Tabenai youni Shite imasu. (I try not to eat sweets as much as possible.)

5. Dekirudake Sa’abisu Zangyou o Shinai youni Shite imasu. (I try not to work over hour without payment as much as possible.)

The sentence 5 reflects the reality of work place environment in Japan.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A3 on Section36 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A2 S36): Having become able to do something; [V1] + youni Nari mashita.

Do you remember how to use the intransitive verb for change, “Naru/Narimasu”? When the situation after the change is described with an I-adjective, a Na-adjective, and a Noun, the following constructions can express that a change has happened;

– [Subject] wa [Stem of I-adjective] + ku Nari mashita.

– [Subject] wa [Stem of Na-adjective] + ni Nari mashita.

– [Subject] wa [Noun]+ ni Nari mashita.

Examples of these constructions are as below;

– Soto wa Kuraku Nari mashita. (The outside has got dark.)  — I-adjective

– Machi wa Shizuka ni Nari mashita. (The town has turned to be quiet.) — Na-adjective

– Satou-san wa Kaishain ni Nari mashita. (Sato-san became a company employee.) — Noun

Then, can we make a sentence of “Nari mashita” with a verb? The answer is yes. Look at the following sentences;

1. Watashi wa Osashimi ga Taberareru youni Narimashita. (I have become able to eat raw fish.)

The sentence construction of this sentence will be;

– [Subject] wa [Verb clause]+ youni Nari mashita.

Look at the verbs in front of “youni” in the sentence 1. It is “Taberareu”, which is the potential form of “Taberu/Tabemasu”. Usually the verb in a such sentence of “youni Nari mashita” takes potential form, or the verb has already had a meaning of potentiality. It is just like yesterday’s V1.

2. Sensei ga Iu Nihongo ga Kanari Wakaru youni Nari mashita. (I have become able to understand quite a bit of the Japanese the teacher speaks.)

The verb “Wakaru” has already had a meaning of potentiality.

The example sentences 1 and 2 above have the subjects that are “Watashi(I)”. But things other than “Watashi(I)” can be subjects of today’s setences.

3. Sumaho de Nandemo Dekiru youni Nari mashita. (Anything has become able to be done on a smartphone.)

The subject is “Nandemo (Anything)”.

4. Basu de Koutsu’u Ka’ado ga Tsukaeru youni Nari mashita. (The public transport card has become able to be used in the bus.)

The subject is “Koutsu’u Ka’ado ga (The public transport card)”.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A2 on Section36 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A1 S36): Saying the Purpose of Action; the Purpose in Subordinate Clause and the Action in Main Clause. [V1] + youni, [V2]. / [V1-nai] + youni, [V2].

There is a word that conjugates “youni”, “youda”, and “youna”.

– youni is to modify another conjugating word behind.

– youda is the form of short ending.

– youna is to modify a noun.

Therefore, the word “youda” conjugates in the same way as Na-adjective. In the section 36, only “youni is introduced. Since “youni” is to modify a verb, all the sentences of the exercise A1 through A4 have a verb behind the clause ending with “youni”. To begin with, let us look at sentences of “[V1] + youni, [V2].”

(1) [V1] + youni, [V2].

When this sentence is introduced, V1 is usually in potential form, or a verb which has the meaning of potentiality.

1. Kuji no Terebi Dorama ga Mirareru youni, Kyou wa Zangyou shimasen.

(I won’t work over hour today so that I can watch TV drama at 9p.m.)

It is likely that you cannot watch TV at 9 p.m. in your home if you work over hour. That is a reality in Japanese working environment. But anyway, V1 is “Mirareru” which is the potential form of the transitive verb “Miru/Mimasu”.

2. Soto ga Yoku Mieru youni, Madogawa no Seki ni Suwari masu.

(I take a window seat so that I can see outside well.)

“Madogawa” is a noun which means “window side”. In this sentence 2, “Mieru” is the verb for V1. “Mieru” is not potential form of the transitive verb “Miru” but an intransitive verb having nuance of potentiality.

The followings are examples that use a verb having nuance of potentiality.

3. Nihongo ga Wakaru youni, Takusan Benkyou-shite imasu.

(I study hard so that I can understand Japanese.)

“Wakaru” doesn’t have the potential form.

4. Densha ni Maniau youni, Eki made Hashiri masu.

(I run to the station so that I can catch the train.)

Don’t say “(WRONG) Maniaeru”.

(2) [V1-nai] + youni, [V2].

 Action is expressed by V2, the purpose of action is expressed by V1. This is the same as (1). However, for this sentence (2), the purpose is not “to be able to do”, but “not to do”. So, Nai-form is used for V1 part. In the case of (1), V1 is often in the potential form, but in the case of (2), it’s just in Nai-form. It doesn’t have to be “Nai-form of Potential form”.

5. Taboko no Kemuri o Suwanai youni, Kin’en-seki ni Suwari masu.

(I am going to sit a No-smoking seat so that I will not breathe smoke from other people.)

where, Kemuri is smoke, and Kin’en-seki is a seat that is designated not to smoke.

In this sentence, “Suwanai” is the Nai-form of “Suu/Suimasu”. Its potential form is “Sueru”, and “Nai-form of Potential form” is “Suenai”. The following sentence is erroneous one.

(WRONG) Taboko no Kemuri o Suenai youni, Kin’en-seki ni Suwari masu.

So, just “Nai-form” is okay for this type of “youni” sentneces. “Nai-form of Potential form” may be used just in case, but it is not usual. For example,

6. Koukousei ga Tabako o Suenai youni, Jidouhanbaiki wa Yoru Juu-Ichi-ji de Tomari masu.

(Tabacco vending machine stops at 11p.m. so that a high school students will not be able to smoke cigarette.)

6’. Koukousei ga Tabako o Suwanai youni, Jidouhanbaiki wa Yoru Juu-Ichi-ji de Tomari masu.

(Tabacco vending machine stops at 11p.m. so that a high school students will not smoke cigarette.)

Either of 6 and 6’ are okay, but 6’ is better than 6 for simplicity.

One more example for “[V-nai] youni, V”;

7. Kodomo ga Nomanai youni, Osake o Tana no Naka ni Shimatte okimasu.

(I store Alcohols into inside the shelves so that kids will not drink them.)

The predicate verb in the main clause is “Shimatte okimasu.”. We have already learned “V-te okimasu” in the section 30. This “V-te okimasu” is a kind of A3 and A4 in terms of dealing with a matter.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A1 on Section36 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A6 S35): Bringing up an item for your proposal; [Noun] + nara, [your proposal].

Placing “[Noun]+nara,” you can bring a noun up and say your proposal about the noun.

1. Onsen nara, Beppu ga Ii desu. (When it comes to hot springs, Beppu is a good place.)

2. Suki’i nara, Hokkaidou ga Ii desu. (As for Skiing, Hokkaido is a good place.)

Actually, if “nara” is replaced with “wa” which is the topic marker, the sentence still makes sense.

1’. Onsen wa Beppu ga Ii desu. (When it comes to hot springs, Beppu is a good place.)

2’. Suki’i wa Hokkaidou ga Ii desu. (As for Skiing, Hokkaido is a good place.)

1’ and 2’ are so-called “wa-ga construction” which I don’t like. But anyway, using “nara” gives a nuance that you bring it up to present and specify what you are going to talk about.

And it is also important to note this is “[Noun]+nara”. In the section 35, we have been learning two conjunctive particles; “-ba,” and “-nara,” that can make a hypothetical subordinate clause. And at the level of beginners, it is better to think that “-ba,” is used for verbs and I-adjectives (-kereba,), and “-nara” is used for Na-adjectives and Nouns. But for Japanese learners of intermediate and advanced levels, the difference between “-ba” and “-nara” would be a matter to know more precisely.

3. (WRONG) Onsen e Ikeba, Beppu ga Ii desu.

1. Onsen nara, Beppu ga Ii desu. (When it comes to hot springs, Beppu is a good place.)

4. Onsen e Iku no nara, Beppu ga Ii desu. (If you want to go to a hot spring, Beppu is a good place.)

As shown in the sentence 3, “Ikeba” cannot be used in this context. In the sentence 1, “Onsen” is presented in the form of “[Noun]+nara”. “nana” should be attached to a noun, this is a basic. Therefore, you see “no” between the verb “Iku” and “nara” in the sentence 4. Although you need to use “no” as a segment in order to make a verb noun-equivalent, “nara” can also be used for a verb. If the choice of “ba” or “nara” is not depending on “Verbs and I-adejctives” or “Na-adjectives and Nouns”, how can we choose one of “ba” and “nara”? This is a tough question. For the sake of simplicity, let me say that “-ba,” is to indicate a condition, “-nara,” is to virtualize a hypothesis.

5. Beppu e Ikeba, Ii Onsen ni Hairu Koto ga Deki masu.

(If you go to Beppu. you will be able to bathe a good hot spring.)

Going to Beppu is a condition in order for you to bathe a good hot spring.

6. Nihon niwa Iroirona Kankouchi ga Arimasu. Moshi Onsen e Iku no nara, Beppu Onsen ga Ii desu. (There are many kinds of sightseeing spots in Japan. If you go to a hot spring, Beppu is a good one.)

Or more lengthy translation would be “I am not sure whether or not you are going to a hot spring in Japan, but if I hypothetically assume that you are going to a hot spring, I think Beppu could be a good choice for you.”

Probably the argument through the sentence 3 to 6 are difficult to understand. Let me say this, “nara” is for a noun and Na-adjective. I don’t want a textbook for beginners to show “Yasui nara”.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A6 on Section35 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A5 S35): I want to do A. How do I make A?; [Interogative word]+[V-con] Ii desuka.

The exercise A5 is about one of practical usages of conditional forms of verbs. The construction of sample sentences are as follows;

– (Watashi wa ) [V-masu] tain desuga, [Interogative word]+[V-con] Ii desuka.

where; [V-masu] means “Masu form whose “masu” is eliminated”. [V-con] is a verb in conditional form.

1. Moenai Gomi o Sute tain desuga, Itsu daseba Ii desuka.

(I want to dispose some non-combustible wastes. When am I supposed to bring them (to garbage collecting place)?)

“Suteru/Sutemasu” is a Group2 verb. Its [V-masu] is “Sute”. “Dasu/Dashimasu” is a Group1-S verb. Its conditional form is “Daseba”.

2. Nihon o Ryokou Shi tain desuga, Doko e Ikeba Iidesuka.

(I want to travel around Japan. Where do I need to go?)

Conditional form of the verb “Iku/Ikimasu” is “Ikeba”.

3. Satou-san ni Renraku Shi tain desuga, Dare ni Kikeba Iidesuka.

(I want to contact Sato-san. Who should I ask for her contact information?)

The conditional form “Kikeba” comes from “Kiku/Kikimasu”.

4. Pa’athi’i no Jumbi o Tetsudai tain desuga, Nani o Shureba Iidesuka.

(I want to help you prepare the party. What shall I do?)

5. Nihongo Nouryoku Shiken o Uke tain desuga, Dou Sureba Iidesuka.

(I want to take Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. How do I make it?)

5. JLPT no N1 ni Ukari tain desuga, Dou Yatte Benkyou Sureba Iidesuka.

(I want to pass the N1 grade of JLPT. How do I study for it?)

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A5 on Section35 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A4 S35): If it is [adj/noun], [Conclusion]; [I-adj]+kereba / [Na-adj/Noun]+nara, [Main Clause].

We are learning how to make a hypothetical sentence in the section 35. In the sentence construction of;

[Hypothetical clause], [Main clause].

The conjunctive particle “-ba” is used for verbs and I-adjectives, and “-nara” is used for Na-adjectives and Nouns at the end of the hypothetical clause. More precisely as for “-ba”, verbs become conditional form whose last letter is “ba”. And I-adjectives become “[Stem]+kereba”.

The example sentences in the exercise A4 have I-adjectives, Na-adjective, and Noun in the hypothetical clause.

1. Ashita Tenki ga Yokereba, Umi de Oyogeru to Omoi masu. (If the weather is fine tomorrow, I think we will be able to swim in the sea.)

You need to know that the first letter “i” of the I-adjective “ii” often turns to be “yo” as shown below;

“i” remains to be “i”  

– Modifying a noun : Ii Tenki (desu.)

– Being a predicate : Tenki wa Ii desu.

“i” turns to be “yo”

– Negative form : Yokunai (desu.)

– Past tense : Yokatta (desu.)

– Conditional form : Yokereba

2. Eakon no Choushi ga Warukereba, Itte Kudasai. (If the air-conditioner doesn’t work well, please tell me so. )

where, “Choushi” is a noun meaning how well it works (or sometimes a person feels well him/herself).

The sentence 2 uses an I-adjective “Warui” in the form of “Warukereba”.

3. Sono Kokuritsu Kouen ga Kirei nara, Kondo Isshoni Ikimasenka. (If that national park is so beautiful, shall we go there together for the next time?)  

Don’t say “(WRONG)Kirekereba”, because “Kirei” is not an I-adjective but a Na-adjective.

4. Ashita Shigoto ga Yasumi nara, Umi e Oyogi ni Ikitai desu.(If my work is off tomorrow, I want to go swim in the sea.)

“Yasumi” is a noun, while “Yasumu” is a verb. In this case, you cannot say “(WRONG) Ashita Shigoto o Yasumeba, Umi ni Oyogi ni Ikitaidsu”. Actually, there are some restrictions on sentence endings when using “-ba,”. A sentence uses “-ba” cannot end with expressions of volition, invitation, command and so on. In the sentence 4, the auxiliary verb “-tai” for desire is used in part of “Ikitai desu.”, which is a kind of volition. There are some exceptions* about restrictions on use of “-ba”. It is a little complicated so I put its explanation at the end of this post**. In contrast, when you use “-nara”, it is better to end the sentence with expression revealing speaker’s feeling like volition, invitation, command and so on. For example, the sentence 3 ends with “Ikimasenka” which is an invitation. 

* Actually, the sentence 1 and 2 that use “-ba,” are also exceptions in respect of the followings;

– 1 ends with “to Omoi masu.” which is an expression of volition.

– 2 ends with “Itte kudasai” which is a light command

** There are restrictions on the sentence endings when using conjunctive particle “-ba”. Basically, you cannot end with expressions of volition, invitation, command and so on. But sometimes volition like expression is allowed to the sentence ending when;

– Subordinate clause is stative

 (example; “Tenki ga Yokereba,” in the sentence1, “Choushi wa Warukereba” in the sentence 2)

– Different subjects are used for the subordinate and the main clauses

 (example; the subject in the subordinate clause is Tanki, and the subject in the main clause is Watashi)

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A4 on Section35 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A3 S35): Hypothetical Sentence using Conditional Form of Nai-form of a Verb; [V-nakereba], [Main Clause].

The conditional forms of I-adjectives are shown tomorrow. What we are learning today is the conditional forms of Nai-form of verbs. Actually, Nai-forms of “Nai” conjugates as I-adjective because the last of “Nai” is “i” like I-adjectives.

1. Kimatsu-Shiken ni Goukaku Shi nakereba, Daigaku o Sotsugyou Deki masen.

(Unless I pass the final examinations, I will not be able to graduate the university.)

“Goukaku shinai” is the Nai-form of the verb “Goukaku-suru/Goukaku-shimasu”. Making “nai” “nakereba”, you get the conditional form of Nai-form.

2. Ame ga Fura nakereba, Aruite Ikimashou.

(If it’s not rainy. let’s go there by walk.)

“Fura nakereba” is the conditional form of the Nai-form “Furanai” which comes from “Furu/Furimasu”.

3. Kurejitto Ka’ado ga Nakereba, Genkin de Haratte kudasai.

(If you don’t have a credit card, please pay by cash.)

The Nai-form of the intransitive verb for existence “Aru/Arimasu” is not “(WRONG) Aranai” but “Nai”. Therefore, you cannot say “(WRONG) Ara nakereba”. The sentence 3 uses the negative expression “nakereba”. When someone say the sentence 3, it implies another positive expression as below;

4. Kurejitto Ka’ado ga Areba, Sore de Haratte kudasai.

(If you have a credit card, please pay by it.)

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A3 on Section35 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese Learning (A2 S35): Hypothetical Sentence using Conditional Form of a Verb; [V-ba], [Main Clause].

[Subordinate Clause], [Main Clause].

= [Hypothetical Clause], [Conclusion].

= [ — + (V-ba)], [What will happen if hypothesis come true].

1. Kusuri o Nomeba, Kaze ga Naori masu. (If you take a medicine, the cold will be cured.)

2. Kita-kaze ga Fukeba, Suzushiku Nari masu. (If the north wind blows, it will get cooler.)

3. Shitsumon ga Areba, Watashi ni Kiite kudasai. (If you have a question, please ask me.)

Let us look at the sentence 2. The hypothetical clause is “Kita-kaze ga Fukeba,” and the conclusion is “Suzushiku Nari masu.” Is this conclusion expected or unexpected from the hypothetical clause? I should say I am sorry for the people in southern hemisphere, but in the northern hemisphere, the north wind is cool (or even cold), and the south wind is warm (or hot). Therefore, the conclusion is expected from the hypothesis.

Do you remember that there are two types of connections between two clauses. One is “So-therefore” type, and the other is “But-however” type, which we have learned in the section 25.

Here is an example of So-therefore connection;

4. Kita-kaze ga Fuitara, Suzushiku Nari masu. (If the north wind blows, then it will get cooler.)

And an example of But-however connection;

5. kita-kaze ga Fuitemo, Suzushiku Nari masen. (Even if the north wind blows, it will not get cooler.)

The conclusion in the sentence 4 is an expected one, but that of the sentence 5 is not. Whenever we connect two clauses, it is so important to choose properly a conjunctive particle that is So-therefore type or But-however type. Then the question is whether “-ba” in the conditional form is So-therefore or But-however connection. Since the conclusion in the sentence 2 is an expected one, “-ba” is So-therefore connection.

Now, given that “-tara” and “-ba” are both So-therefore types, you may find that “-tara” and “-ba” are similar to each other in the respect of being used for conditional and/or hypothetical clauses. Actually, they are almost the same in the following sentences;

3. Shitsumon ga Areba, Watashi ni Kiite kudasai. (If you have a question, please ask me.)

6. Shitsumon ga Attara, Watashi ni Kiite kudasai. (If you have a question, please ask me.)

I think it is also okay to dealing with the two as almost the same without focusing on the difference at this stage of beginners’ level. The first thing a learner needs to do is to learn the new expressions so that he/she will be able to operate the expression. As the learner repeatedly uses the expression many times, eventually he/she will find a small difference of nuance someday. Yes, there is a small difference, So it is also important to think that different expressions do have differences.

7. Haru ga Kitara, Sakura ga Sakimasu. (When spring comes, cherry flowers bloom.)

8. Haru ga Kureba, Sakura ga Sakimasu. (If spring comes, cherry flowers bloom.)

It seems that the sentences 7 and 8 are almost the same. But let me tell you more detailed meanings of the two;

7=> Once spring has come, what will happen next is that cherry flowers get blooming.

8=> In order for cherry flowers to bloom, Spring’s coming is the condition necessary.

Simply put, when you want to say the result, use “-tara”. When you want to say condition, use “-ba” for the conditional/hypothesis clause. More examples about differences between “-tara” and “-ba” are shown below;

9. Kusuri o Nondara, Kaze ga Naori masu. (Once you have taken the medicine, then you will get cured from the cold.)

1. Kusuri o Nomeba, Kaze ga Naori masu. (For you to be cured from the cured, you need to take the medicine.)

4. Kita-kaze ga Fuitara, Suzushiku Nari masu. (When the north wind blows, what will happen next is getting cooler.)

2. Kita-kaze ga Fukeba, Suzushiku Nari masu. (In order for the atmosphere to get cool, one of the conditions is blowing of the north wind.)

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A2 on Section35 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”