日: 2026年7月6日

The function of the conjunctive particle “-shi,” is to say two things parallelly. And sometime such enumeration tends to be reasons for a conclusion. As shown in yesterday’s post, the connections between a word and “-shi” is usually be short ending form plus “-shi”. In the case of present-positive;

(1) verb : -u+shi, — e.g. Ar-u+shi, Ir-u+shi,

(2) I-adjective: -i+shi, — e.g. Hiro-i+shi, O’o-i+shi,

(3) Na-adjective: -da+shi, — e.g. Shizuka-da+shi, Benri-da+shi,

Let us look at today’s sentences;

[Subject] wa [Predicate1] shi, [Predicate2] shi, [Conclusion].

Examples;

1. Kono Toshokan wa Shizukada shi, Hiroi shi, Itumo Koko de Hon o Yonde imasu.

(This library is quiet and spacious, so I always read a book here.)

2. Kono Toshokan wa Hon mo O’oi shi, Kashidashi mo Benrida shi, Itsumo Koko de Hon o Karite imasu.

(This library has many books, and the lending procedure is convenient, so I always borrow a book here.)

where; Kashidashi; noun(+suru); lending

3. Kono Toshokan wa Zasshi Ko’ona’a mo Arushi, Shinsetuna Hito mo Irushi, Itumo Koko de Hon o Yonde imasu.

(In this library, there is a magazine area, and kind people are there, so I always read a book here.)

Note that there are two intransitive verbs for existing;

– Things without life and plants; Aru/Arimasu

– Human kind and animals; Iru/Imasu

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A4 on Section28 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”