タグ: V-te okimasu

Japanese learning (A5 S30): A Verb in Te-form with a Helping Verb “-okimasu”(3): Leaving It as It is; [Vt-te] oki masu.

This is the third one for us to learn “V-te okimasu”. Both A3 and A4 are “V-te okimasu ” to express doing a preparation (A3) and handling a situation (A4). A common nature between A2 and A3 is positively making action for the matter with prediction about near future.

1. Ichigakki ga Hajimaru Mae ni, Kyoukasho o Katte okimasu. —<A3>

(Before the first semester starts, I will buy the textbooks.)

In the sentence 1, prediction about near future is the semester’s start, and action is buying textbooks.

2. Ban-Gohan ga Owatta ra, Chawan ya Osara o Aratte okimasu. —<A4>

(I will wash Rice bowls, dishes and so on when the supper is over.)

In the sentence 2, prediction about near future is that supper ends, and action is washing dishes.

But today’s A5 is not to express positively making action but to express intentionally leaving the matter as is. Since the speaker of A5 sentences still predicts near future, some times it is difficult to make a judgement if the “V-te okimasu” is making action or leaving it as is. For example;

3. Ashita, Uchiawase ga Arimasu kara, Isu o Narabete okimasu.

(Since we’ll a small meeting tomorrow, I am going to arrange the chairs.)

4. Ashita, Uchiawase ga Arimasu kara, Isu wa Soko ni Narabete okimasu.

(Since we’ll a small meeting tomorrow, I am leaving those chairs lining up there.)

where; Uchiawase ; noun(-suru); a small scale meeting

Do you find the difference between 3 and 4? “Isu o” in 3 turns to be “Isu wa Soko ni” in 4.

– “Isu o” means that “Isu” is the object of transitive verb action “Naraberu”. Probably in the sentence 3, the action “Isu o Naraberu” will be done by positive action.

– “Isu wa” means that the object “Isu o” has changed to be the topic, because the particle “wa” is the topic marker. And usually a word with “wa” is common to both speaker and listener. In addition, the word for place “Soko ni” implies that both speaker and listener are looking the chairs there. Therefore, chairs are not going to be lined up from now, but they are already there.

Now it is clear that the sentence 3 expresses positively making action, while the 4 expresses intentionally leaving as is. In order to make easier to distinguish when the sentence expresses intentionally leaving the matter as it is, it is good to use an adverb. It is;

Sonomama(ni); Adverb ; As-is

5. Ashita, Uchiawase ga Arimasu kara, Isu wa Sonomama ni Shite okimasu.

(Since we’ll a small meeting tomorrow, I am leaving the chairs as is now.)

For your exercise, read and practice the following conversations;

A: Kono Heya o Souji Shi mashouka. (Shall I clean this room?)

B: Asita Minna de Souji Shimasu kara, Sonomama ni Shite oite kudasai.

(Since I and my colleagues will clean here tomorrow, please leave it there.)

A: Mado o Shimete, Eakon o Tsuke mashouka. (Shall I close the window and turn on the AC?)

B: Eakon wa* Kowarete imasu kara, Mado wa Sonomama Akete oite kudasai.

(Since the Air-Conditioner broke, Leave the window open. )

* : Usually “ga” is used as subject maker inside a conditional clause in order to clarify what the subject of the condition. However in this conversation, the person A has already mention “Eakon”. Since the “Eakon(Air-Conditionet)” is shared between the two people, “wa” is used even though it is a conditional clause.

A: Ano Soujiki o Shimai mashouka. (Shall I put that vacuum cleaner back?)

B: Watashi ga Kore kara Tsukai masu kara, Sonomama Oite* oite** kudasai.

(Since I am going to use it from now, please leave it there.)

* Oite : This is Te-form of a verb “Oku/Okimasu”, usually written with Kanji “置いて”

** oite : This is Te-form of a helping verb “oku/okimasu”, usually written in Hiragana “おいて”.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A5 on Section30 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese learning (A4 S30): A Verb in Te-form with a Helping Verbs “-okimasu”(2): Then I will Handle It; [V-ta] ra, [Vt-te] oki masu.

Yesterday’s “[V1-dic] mae ni, [V2t-te] oki masu.” is to express you do something as preparation before V1 happens. Today we are learning another “V-te okimasu” expression wich is “[V1-ta] ra, [V2t-te] oki masu.” This is to say you do something once V1 action occurred. Note the difference of verb conjugation;

– [V1-u] Mae ni, V2-te okimasu.

– [V1-ta] ra, V2-te okimasu.

Ta-form is to describe the completion of action. Therefore Ta-form is often used in the sentence of past tense. But to be precise, it is perfect tense. Ta-form is also used as “future perfect” as you see in today’s sentences. See the example sentences;

1. Ban-Gohan ga Owatta ra, Chawan ya Osara o Aratte okimasu.

(I will wash Rice bowls, dishes and so on when the dinner is over.)

When you say “Chawan to Osara”, only these two kinds of utensils are there. “Chawan ya Osara” can mean there are not only rice bowls and dishes, but also some other like cups, chopsticks, spoons and so on.

2. Dejikame o Tsukatta ra, Juuden shite okimasu.

(I will charge the (battery of) digital camera once I finished using it.)

Though I used the form of “[V-ta] ra”, it can be called as conjunctive particle “-tara,”. “-tara,” is introduced in the section 25, and is very useful for presenting conditions.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A4 on Section30 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”

Japanese learning (A3 S30): A Verb in Te-form with a Helping Verbs “-okimasu”(1): Getting Prepared Beforehand; [V-u] mae ni, [Vt-te] oki masu.

In the exercises A3, A4, and A5, we are learning a helping verb “oku/okimasu” which is not “okiru/okimasu”, though the Masu-forms are the same “okimasu”. The verb “Oku/Okimasu” describes action to put something onto somewhere, shown as below.

– Te’eburu ni Koppu o Okimashita. ((I) put a glass cup on the table.)

But once this verb has become a helping verb in the form of “[Vt-te] oki masu.”, the original meaning is weakened, instead, it adds some meaning to the verb in Te-form.

Either the original or helping verb, the conjugation patterns of “oku/okimasu”are as follows.

– Dictionary form = oku,   Masu-form = oki masu

– Nai-form = okanai

– Te-form = oite,    Ta-form = oita

– Potential form = okeru

Since the Nai-form is “o<ka>nai”, this verb’s conjugation pattern is “Group 1 – K”.

We have learned other helping verbs “-iru” and “-aru” recently. So, look at three sentences below. Each of them uses “[V-te] iru”, “[V-te] aru”, and “[V-te] oku” in this order.

1. Kaban ni Denshi-Jisho ga Haitte i masu. (There has been an electric dictionary in the bag.)

2. Kaban ni Denshi-Jisho ga Irete ari masu. (An electric dictionary has been put in a bag.)

3. Kaban ni Denshi-Jisho o Irete oki masu. (I am going to put an electric dictionary in a bag.)

The sentence 1 and 2 express the current situation, but the sentence 3 expresses a will to do in near future. This difference comes from the original meanings, or nature of the verbs.

– “Iru/Imasu” and “Aru/Arimasu” are verbs to describe an existence. They are stative verbs

– “Oku/Okimasu” is a verb to describe action that can be done in short period of time. This is a kind of momentary verb whose present tense is actually future tense and/or a strong will to do it in near future.

Although I don’t want to confuse you readers, other comparisons would be like below;

1. Jisho<ga>, Hairu=intransitive verb, iru=intransitive verb

2. Jisho<ga> Ireru=transitive verb, aru=intransitive verb

3. Jisho<o> Ireru=transitive verb, oku=transitive verb

Do you remember that I wrote recently;

4. Shinkansen no Kippu ga Yoyaku-shite arimasu.

5. Shinkansen no Kippu o Yoyaku-shite arimasu.

The sentence 4 is okay, but 5 should not be written in a textbook. By avoiding 5, the comparison between “[V-te] aru” and “[V-te] oku” could be easier for the learners.

2′. Noun<ga> [Vt-te] + aru=intransitive verb

3′. Noun<o> [Vt-te]+ oku=transitive verb

For the sentence 2′, if you think the noun is related to “aru” which is an intransitive verb, the particle for the noun would be “ga”. As for 3′, thinking the noun is related to “oku” which is a transitive verb, the particle for the noun would be “o”.

Now, look at the sentence for today;

6. Ichigakki ga Hajimaru Mae ni, Kyoukasho o Katte okimasu.

(Before the first semester starts, I will buy the textbooks.)

In A3, we are learning “[V-te] okimasu” which appears in the last phrase of the sentence 6. As for the first phrase “[Subject] ga [V-dic] Mae ni” is also important. We actually have learned this construction at exercise A4 in the section 18. Look at carefully this phrase;

In a sentence of [Dependent Phrase], [Main Phrase].,

[Dependent Phrase],

= [Subject] ga [V-dic] Mae ni,

– “Subject” is not the subject of the entire sentence, but the subject inside the dependent phrase. Usually, the subject of the sentence is the subject of Main Phrase.

– “ga” is the subject marker. Don’t think that the sentence always starts with a word with “wa”. This dependent phrase is a conditional phrase that functions as an adverbial. In order to make such a phrase state the condition clearly about What/Who does What, the phrase need to specify the subject inside the phrase. “ga” is the subject marker when the subject needs to be specified.

– [V-dic] means a verb in dictionary form which ends with “-u”. When a verb modifies a noun, the verb would be one of Dictionary form, Nai-form, Ta-form, or V+nakatta. Since the sentence 6 is talking about a will what the speaker is going to do near future, Dictionary form is the only applicable to the sentence 6.

– “Mae” is a noun unlike “Before” in English is preposition and/or conjunction. Therefore, it usually needs particle (postposition) behind. In the case of the sentence 6, the particle is “ni”.

– “ni” is a particle whose basic function is to indicate the target that action of a verb is heading to. Any words or phrases that are attached “ni” at the end work as adverbial to the verb behind. Therefore, when you hear a word with “ni”, you can anticipate a verb is coming soon. In the case of the sentence 6, the {dependent phrase} works as adverbial phrase to [the main phrase].

6. { Ichigakki ga Hajimaru Mae ni }, [Kyoukasho o Katte okimasu].

Since “Made ni” is used in the exercise B4 which is corresponding to A3, practice and remember the following two sentences;

7. Natsuyasumi, Jikkan ni Kaeru Mae ni, Omiyage o Katte okimasu.

(Before I return to my parents’ house in summer break, I will buy souvenir.)

8. Raishuu no Jugyou Made ni, Kyoukasho no Go-juu Roku Pe’eji kara Roku-juu San Pe’eji o Yonde oite kudasai.

(By the class in next week, read your textbook from page 56 to 63.)

Sentence construction is; [Noun] Made ni, [V-te] + oite*+ kudasai.

* “oite” is the Te-form of “oku/okimasu”

At last of this post, here is an important thing. Both “[V1] Mae ni, [V2-te] okimasu.” and “[Noun] Made ni [V-te] okimasu” are expression to say a preparation will be taken beforehand.

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This post was written with reference to the exercise A3 on Section30 of “Minna no Nihongo (2nd Edition)” published by “3A Corporation”